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91.
A. S. Kraus R. A. Spasoff E. J. Beattie D. E. Holden J. S. Lawson M. Rodenburg G. M. Woodcock 《CMAJ》1977,116(9):1007-1009
Little information is available on the health status of persons 85 years or over. Recent United States data indicate that 20% of individuals 85 years of age or over reside in nursing and personal care homes and that among these institutional residents 31% are bedfast, 11% are chairfast and 71% manifest evidence of senility. An investigation into the health of persons 85 years of age or over in two Ontario counties revealed that 39% resided in long-stay institutions, and that one of the main differences between old people living independently in the community and those in institutions was the higher proportion of the latter needing help with the activities of daily living and showing mental disorientation. Of those individuals 85 years of age or over in institutions for 1 year, 26% acknowledged often feeling depressed and 18% acknowledged often wishing they were dead, but these tendencies were not more frequent in those 85 years of age or over than in those 65 to 84 years of age. These findings have implications for service and research needs and attitudes towards death. 相似文献
92.
Staphylococcal infections that result from an alteration in a patient's immune response at the surgical site are a major
problem in procedures that incorporate biomaterials in trauma surgery and joint replacement. Diagnosis of infection based
on pathogen detection is difficult and exacerbated by increasing numbers of partially or totally resistant strains of nosocomial
pathogens, particularly Staphylococcus aureus. Expression profiling of a host's cellular immune response could facilitate the identification of the pathways involved in
pathogen recognition and eradication and could lead to more rational design of drugs and therapies. To this end, we constructed
and characterized ten individually tagged and directionally cloned cDNA libraries from peripheral blood cells (PBC), spleen
(Sp), thymus (Th), lymph node (LN), and bone marrow (BM) from immunologically naive and challenged pigs as part of an implant-associated
orthopedic model of deep infection. Three of these libraries were normalized at C
0
t
values 5, 10, 20, and 30. The libraries comprise more than 20 million primary transformants with an average insert length
>1.4 kb. Cluster analysis of 7620 ESTs revealed 1029 clusters containing an average of 3.6 sequences and 3846 singletons.
Gene discovery is estimated to be ∼64%. Searches of public databases resulted in 49.3% annotated porcine sequences, of which
22.2% had significant homologies to ESTs from a variety of species, and 28.5% were without a significant match in any public
database. We also identified 9.1% ESTs as involved in host cell and organism defense and 11.5% related to cell signaling and
communication. These sequences, together with the 28.5% appearing as novel, are of specific interest to the infectious disease
process. 相似文献
93.
94.
95.
96.
John Beattie 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1985,290(6477):1288
97.
98.
S M Kappes M D Bishop J W Keele M C T Penedo H C Hines M D Grosz G A Hawkins R T Stone S L F Sunden C W Beattie 《Animal genetics》1994,25(3):133-140
Seven bovine erythrocyte antigen loci and three serum protein loci were tentatively assigned to chromosomes or synteny groups by linkage analysis to previously assigned microsatellite DNA markers. The erythrocyte antigen locus EAB was mapped to synteny group U27; EAC to chromosome 18, synteny group U9; EAL to chromosome 3, synteny group U6; EAS to chromosome 21, synteny group U4; EAZ to chromosome 10, synteny group U5; EAR' to chromosome 16, synteny group U1; and EAT' to chromosome 19, synteny group U21. The vitamin D binding protein (GC) and albumin (ALB) loci were assigned to chromosome 6, synteny group U15 and post-transferrin 2 (PTF 2) to chromosome 19, synteny group U21. 相似文献
99.
100.
Christine Turnbull Peter D. Wilson Stephen Hoggard Michael Gillings Chris Palmer Shannon Smith Doug Beattie Sam Hussey Adam Stow Andrew Beattie 《PloS one》2012,7(11)
Microbial pathogens are ancient selective agents that have driven many aspects of multicellular evolution, including genetic, behavioural, chemical and immune defence systems. It appears that fungi specialised to attack insects were already present in the environments in which social insects first evolved and we hypothesise that if the early stages of social evolution required antifungal defences, then covariance between levels of sociality and antifungal defences might be evident in extant lineages, the defences becoming stronger with group size and increasing social organisation. Thus, we compared the activity of cuticular antifungal compounds in thrips species (Insecta: Thysanoptera) representing a gradient of increasing group size and sociality: solitary, communal, social and eusocial, against the entomopathogen Cordyceps bassiana. Solitary and communal species showed little or no activity. In contrast, the social and eusocial species killed this fungus, suggesting that the evolution of sociality has been accompanied by sharp increases in the effectiveness of antifungal compounds. The antiquity of fungal entomopathogens, demonstrated by fossil finds, coupled with the unequivocal response of thrips colonies to them shown here, suggests two new insights into the evolution of thrips sociality: First, traits that enabled nascent colonies to defend themselves against microbial pathogens should be added to those considered essential for social evolution. Second, limits to the strength of antimicrobials, through resource constraints or self-antibiosis, may have been overcome by increase in the numbers of individuals secreting them, thus driving increases in colony size. If this is the case for social thrips, then we may ask: did antimicrobial traits and microbes such as fungal entomopathogens play an integral part in the evolution of insect sociality in general? 相似文献